Mass Balance Study on Phosphorus Removal in Constructed Wetland Microcosms Treating Polluted River Water     

Haiming Wu  Jian Zhang  Cong Li  Jinlin Fan  Yina Zou 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(9):844-850

A number of studies have showed that the mass removal rates of phosphorus (P) in different constructed wetlands (CWs) varied significantly, and it is essential to quantify the contributions of major P removal processes in order to improve system design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and water temperature on P removal from polluted river water and to quantify the contributions of different P removal pathways in surface CWs. Results showed that the average total P removal rates ranged between 2.69 and 20.84 mg/(m² day) in different seasons and were influenced significantly by vegetation, HRT, and water temperature. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 4.81–22.33% of P input, while media storage contributed 36.16–49.66%. Other P removal processes such as microbiota uptake removed around 0.26–4.13%. Media storage and plant uptake were identified as the main P removal processes in surface CWs treating polluted river water. This illustrated the importance of selecting media and plants in CWs for future practical application.  相似文献   

Status of Macrobenthic Community and Its Relationships to Trace Metals and Natural Sediment Characteristics     

Ying Zhang  Zhenbo Lv  Bo Guan  Yuanjin Liu  Fan Li  Shaowen Li  Yuanqing Ma  Junbao Yu  Yunzhao Li 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(10):1027-1034

Laizhou Bay, located in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, has complex transitional environments between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In the present study, a total of 122, 131, and 139 species were collected in spring, summer, and autumn 2011, respectively. Species constitutions of macrobenthos were grouped into four phyla, of which annelida were the most abundant phylum, the average biomass proportion of echinodermata was the lowest, and the proportion of important species for mollusca was the highest. The structure of the macrobenthic community showed significant differences between sites, and greater divergence was observed between the third site (S03) and other stations. The ABC plots showed that the biomass curve lay below the abundance curve, and the W‐statistic value was negative. The result of the BOPA index showed that two stations had moderate ecological status in spring and that there were two heavily polluted sites and one moderately polluted site in summer. The BIO‐ENV analyses indicated that the grain‐size fractions together with trace metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) could be considered as the major environmental variables influencing the macrobenthic patterns. The results together demonstrated that the macrobenthic communities in Laizhou Bay were negatively affected, perhaps by the tremendous impact of heavy metals in the sediments.  相似文献   

傅立叶级数支持下的等高线多尺度表达模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘鹏程  艾廷华  毕旭 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2013,38(2):221-224

基于傅立叶级数提取等高线的特征向量,并提出了一种等高线多尺度表达的数据模型.对开等高线采用以首尾点连线作镜像处理的方式将其拓展成闭合曲线,进而将闭合曲线描述成弧长的周期函数,并将其表示为傅立叶级数.以一定阶次的傅立叶级数展开曲线与原始曲线形成的缝隙面积为依据,计算当前展开曲线的比例尺,建立傅立叶级数展开项数与等高线比例尺的对应关系.不同于传统的通过对曲线上点和弯曲的取舍来实现尺度变化的方法,通过控制傅立叶特征向量的长度来实现不同尺度的等高线表达.  相似文献   

GPS RTK测量过程及应用问题     

毕京学  郭英  杨凯 《全球定位系统》2013,38(3)

详细地论述了RTK测量的作业过程;针对实际应用中只提供坐标转换参数、点数不多(2～3个)或控制点网形不合理的情况,给出了相应的处理过程和方法.  相似文献   

卡尔曼滤波粗差探测在GPS变形监测中的应用     

刘恒辉  丁健  王璠 《全球定位系统》2013,38(1):87-90,95

在GPS变形监测中,由于受到周跳、SA政策、整周模糊度解算误差及其多路径效应的影响,致使观测数据中含有粗差。用标准卡尔曼滤波方法进行数据处理时,观测数据中的粗差会在卡尔曼滤波预测残差中得到反映。通过结合标准卡尔曼滤波模型与拟准检定法检测,找出并剔除粗差,处理得到正确的结果,并列举了实例证明该方法的实用性。  相似文献   

极化信息在水下地形SAR探测中的应用     

毕晓蕾  孟俊敏  杨俊钢  刘全桢 《遥感学报》2013,17(1):34-45

现有的水下地形SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)探测模型尚未综合应用SAR的极化信息。本文基于Valenzuela的雷达散射截面表达式与袁业立提出的海波高频谱表达式,并结合全极化SAR相干斑抑制的极化白化滤波法,将极化信息有效地运用到水下地形SAR探测中去。最后,以中国台湾浅滩为例,分别利用Radarsat-2单一极化和全极化影像开展水下地形SAR探测研究,探测结果表明充分利用全极化信息的探测精度明显优于单一极化信息的探测精度,利用极化信息可以有效地提高水下地形SAR探测精度。  相似文献   

GPS多路径效应中的EEMD时空滤波器     

徐佳  杨秋实  杨帆 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):57-58,62

根据结构动态监测中GPS多路径效应的日重复性和低频周期等特性,本文研究了一种基于集成经验模态分解(EEMD)技术的滤波方法,构造了EEMD时空滤波器。通过计算连续两天GPS动态监测数据EEMD的相关系数,提取GPS监测数据中的多路径效应。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,为结构动态变形模态分析提供了有效数据。  相似文献   

矿区三维地质建模与地裂缝成因分析     

文晔  徐爱功  杨帆 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):43-45

为了分析在复杂地质条件下采煤引起的大规模地表裂缝的形成原因,本文以某矿区地裂缝为研究对象、数字化软件SURPAC为技术平台、岩体为主要区域变量,建立关于开采工作面、火成岩、地裂缝及断层的三维地质模型,并进行开采沉陷影响预计,通过分析裂缝成因中各相关地质条件的作用影响,得出了煤炭开采导致地下应力平衡被打破后造成地裂缝的主要因素,为预防和治理地裂缝提供了参考。  相似文献   

Defending against wormhole attack in OLSR     

Hong Liang  Hong Fan  Fu Cai 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(3):229-233

OLSR (optimal link state routing) is one of the four basic routing protocols used in mobile ad hoc Networks by the MANET working group of IETF (Internet engineering task force). OLSR, a proactive routing protocol, is based on a multipoint relaying flooding technique to reduce the number of topology broadcast. OLSR uses periodic HELLO packets to neighbor detection. As introduced in Reference [1], the wormhole attack can form a serious threat in wireless Networks, especially against many ad hoc Network routing protocols and location-based wireless security systems. Here, a trust model to handle this attack in OLSR is provided and simulated in NS2.  相似文献   

河南西峡县金家庄银多金属矿床及岩浆岩地球化学特征     

程文厚  路坦  毕亚鹏  张文博 《矿产与地质》2012,26(5):430-435

金家庄银多金属矿床是东秦岭造山带多金属矿床的重要组成部分.主要蚀变岩性为褐铁矿化大理岩,岩石类型主要为二长花岗岩、花岗岩;文章分析了岩浆岩的地球化学特征,探讨了岩浆岩与矿化的关系,认为金家庄矿床为构造蚀变型矿床,岩浆岩为该矿床成矿提供热能及物质基础,且Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Au、Ag等具有良好的伴生关系,对于寻找多金属矿床十分有利.  相似文献